Науковi основи створення ефективних систем тягового електроприводу з тиристорними перетворювачами для автономних локомотивiв

Abstract

UA: Приведенi основнi результати робiт, зв'язаних з пiдвищенням ефективностi перспективних автономних локомотивiв i таких, що модернiзуються,за рахунок застосування тиристорних перетворювачiв в системах тягового електроприводу. З єдиних методологiчних позицiй проаналiзованi можливi варiанти побудови бiльш досконалих систем тягового електроприводу змiнно - постiйного та змiнного струму з урахуванням специфiки їх застосування на автономних локомотивах. Показано, що застосування статичних перетворювачiв придає тяговому електроприводу новi iнтегративнi властивостi. Дано теоретичний аналiз робочих процесiв в основних вузлах та в перспективних системах автономного тягового електроприводу в цiлому, приведенi результати експериментальних дослiджень на iмiтацiйних моделях, натурних стендах та на макетних i дослiдних локомотивах. На пiдставi одержаних в роботi результатiв дано рекомендацiї по утворенню ефективних систем автономного тягового електроприводу.

RU: Приведены основные результаты работ, связанных с повышением эффективности модернизируемых и перспективных автономных локомотивов за счет применения тиристорных преобразователей в их системах тягового электропривода. С единых методологических позиций роанализированы возможные варианты построения более совершенных систем тягового электропривода переменно-постоянного и переменного тока с учетом специфики их применения на автономных локомотивах. Показано, что применение статических преобразователей придает тяговому электроприводу новые интегративные свойства. Дан теоретический анализ рабочих процессов в основных узлах и в перспективных системах автономного тягового электропривода в целом, приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований на имитационных моделях, натурных стендах и на макетных и опытных локомотивах. На основе полученных в работе результатов даны рекомендации по созданию эффективных систем автономного тягового электропривода.

EN: The main results of the work aimed at increasing efficiency of autonomic locomotives being modernized and designed by applying thyristor converters in their traction electric drive systems are given. Eventual versions of creating more efficient alternating and direct current traction electric drive systems (TED), considering specifics of their usage at autonomic locomotives have been analysed based on one methodological position. It has been shown that the employment of static converters provides TED with new integration properties.An analysis of operation processes in main units and in designed TED systems of autonomic locomotives is given. The results of simulation model experiments, on-site stand trials,dummy and experimental locomotives tests are presented. Employment of thyristor rectifiers in alternating - direct current transmission makes it possible to preserve within the power circuit the commercial series-excitation direct-current tractive motors which are well developed under production and service condition. Compared with conventional systems,the tractive electric drive with thyristor converters has new favorable properties, such as: - more efficient locomotive velocity regulation by means of gradual relaxation of tractive electric motor field ; - locomotive thrust coefficient increase throush realizing the principle of traction electric motors quasiseparate excitation by boxing; - traction electric drive operating efficiency increase under electric braking condition. The thesis proves that long-term tendencies of TED systems development are due only to the application of asynchronous traction electric motors (AD) and self - excited voltage invertors (SVI). For deeper estimation of possibility of employment of such systems at autonomic locomotives, additional research on TED systems with SVI and AD was necessary. The research has shown that conventional three-phase SVI - AD systems possess neither optimum energetic, nor mass - dimensions, qualities. Preference should be given to two-phase systems. Theoretical and experimental research on TED systems with two - phase SVI and AD has been carried out; their operating mode is optimized, principles of electromagnetic processes calculation are worked out, and application recommendations are presented. The results of theoretical and experimental research on automatic TED under emergency conditions are shown. Complex high- -speed protection of synchronous tractive generator and rectifying installation is elaborated; it activates in cases of a breakdown of the arbitrary number of rectifiers or any kind of a short circuit on the input or output of the rectifier. SVI-AD traction unit eventual emergency conditions analysis permitted to understand the most frequent failure causes and stages of emergency process development. Principles of multistage shock-free protections versions are proposed. They work on the basis of continious control of SVI thyristors arms current status,detection and identificaton of emergency process origin and development stages, working-out of control effect for appropriate protection cascade stage. For TED with AD,a simple and effective system of automatic regulation is developed; the results of its trial are also given in the thesis. On the basis of the results obtained, recommendations for devising an effective autonomic traction electric drive are summarised.