Формування системи управління інвестиційними ризиками на підприємствах залізничного транспорту

Abstract

UA: Систематизовано види інвестиційних ризиків і з’ясовано вимоги до формування системи управління інвестиційними ризиками на підприємствах залізничної галузі. Визначено етапи управління інвестиційними ризиками, що включають: ідентифікацію ризиків; виявлення джерел та обсягів інформації; визначення критеріїв і способів аналізу ризиків; розробку заходів щодо зниження ризиків; моніторинг ризиків; ретроспективний аналіз регулювання ризиків. Розкрито інструментарій управління інвестиційними ризиками. EN: The article is devoted to the formation of the investment risk management system at the enterprises of railway transport, which directly affects the efficiency of their investment activities. It is determined that the investment risk at the enterprises of railway transport is associated with the probability of financial losses in the form of lost profit or loss of capital, due to the uncertainty of the investment conditions and, accordingly, the inability to prevent these losses. Systematic investment risk characteristics as the sources, the nature of the manifestation in time, the level of financial losses, the ability of foresight, validity, possibilities of prevention and control, degree of validity, the possibility of compensation of losses, areas of identification, factors of influence. The investment risk management system is characterized as a set of methods, techniques and measures that allow to predict to a certain extent the occurrence of risk events and take measures to exclude or reduce the negative consequences of such events. The requirements for the formation of the investment risk management system at the enterprises of the railway industry are clarified. The stages of investment risk management, including: risk identification; identification of sources and volumes of information; definition of criteria and methods of risk analysis; development of measures to reduce risks; risk monitoring; retrospective analysis of risk management. It is concluded that the assessment of investment risks is based on the theory of probability, mathematical statistics, theory of operations research, and ensuring the effectiveness of evaluation requires the involvement of the entire Arsenal of methods of quantitative and qualitative assessment of investment risks. The tools of investment risk management, namely such common methods of neutralization of investment risks as risk avoidance, insurance, selfinsurance, diversification, limitation, hedging and distribution of investment risks. The algorithm of the choice of methods of reduction of investment risks is given.