Критерії для призначення ремонту з оновлення верхньої будови безстикової колії

Abstract

UA: У статті запропоновані чисельні значення основних критеріїв щодо призначення ремонту з оновлення верхньої будови безстикової колії, які встановлені на основі аналізу зміни надійності рейко-шпальної решітки в процесі експлуатації. У якості основних критеріїв розглядаються пропущений тоннаж (строк служби у роках) та поодинокий вихід рейок за дефектами у період експлуатації колії. Запропоновані математичні моделі для визначення: ймовірність появи відмов рейок, залізобетонних шпал та проміжних скріплень типу КБ в залежності від напрацьованого тоннажу.

EN: Continuous welded rail is one of the most advanced track designs in the world. It is the primary type of track construction used on main lines in Europe, North America, China, the CIS and other regions. The use of this track design enables high speeds and the ability to withstand high axle loads. Compared to jointed track, it reduces the volume of trackwork required. Fewer metal-intensive rail fastenings are needed for its installation. It has a minimum number of joints, which are the weakest and most stressed points, as well as the primary location for the accumulation of residual deformations. Continuous welded track helps reduce specific rolling resistance, leads to reduced wheel wear, increases capacity by raising train speeds, and cuts fuel and electricity costs. Furthermore, noise levels on continuous welded track are reduced by up to 15 decibels, and ride comfort is improved. During operation, various deviations from track maintenance standards accumulate in the track, which may subsequently lead to track failures. To ensure the safety of train operations, it is essential to minimise the risk of sudden failures resulting from a loss of stability. An important approach to addressing this issue is monitoring the condition of the track, assessing the stability margin for the current actual condition by analysing the factors affecting the normal operation of continuous welded track. The terminology and definitions of key reliability concepts for use in science and engineering are established by current standards. Reliability is the property of the track superstructure to perform specified functions (allowing trains to pass) whilst maintaining performance indicators within specified limits over the required time intervals or operating hours in million gross tonnes. The article proposes numerical values for the main criteria for determining the need for renewal of the superstructure of continuous-welded track, which are established on the basis of an analysis of changes in the reliability of the rail-sleeper grid during operation. The main criteria considered are the tonnage passed (service life in years) and the isolated failure of rails due to defects during the track’s operational period. Mathematical models are proposed to determine: the probability of failure of rails, reinforced concrete sleepers and KB-type intermediate fastenings depending on the tonnage worked. Mathematical models are proposed to determine: the probability of failure of rails, reinforced concrete sleepers and KB-type intermediate fastenings as a function of accumulated tonnage.