Перспективи застосування технології блокчейну у бюджетному процесі в Україні

Abstract

UA: В статті визначено, що Blockchain-технологія демонструє значний потенціал для оптимізації бюджетного процесу завдяки забезпеченню високої прозорості, криптографічної безпеки та автоматизації розподілу й використання бюджетних коштів за допомогою смарт-контрактів. Децентралізована архітектура сприяє ефективному контролю та мінімізації корупційних ризиків. Водночас інтеграція стикається з викликами правового регулювання, значними витратами на впровадження та необхідністю адаптації існуючих фінансових систем.

EN: The article explores the evaluates the transformative potential of blockchain technology in modernizing Ukraine’s budgetary processes. Current public finance management faces systemic challenges, including opaque resource allocation, corruption risks, and inefficient oversight, as traditional centralized architectures lack real-time verifiability and remain susceptible to manipulation. As a decentralized distributed ledger technology, blockchain provides a robust framework for immutable record-keeping, cryptographic security, and comprehensive traceability. Specifically, smart contracts enable programmable governance by automating conditional payments in public procurement and social programs upon the verification of specific milestones, significantly reducing human intervention and establishing a tamper-proof single source of truth. International benchmarks, such as Georgia’s land registry and Estonia’s e-governance applications, demonstrate the efficacy of decentralized systems in ensuring data integrity. In the Ukrainian context as of 2026, implementation remains primarily in the pilot stage. While projects like the e-hryvnia and the State Land Cadastre have faced delays due to wartime constraints, humanitarian initiatives have successfully utilized blockchain for transparent donor tracking. The transition to this technology promises a substantial reduction in administrative costs and the restoration of institutional trust essential for post-war recovery and European Union integration. However, structural hurdles persist, ranging from technical scalability and high infrastructure costs to regulatory gaps and institutional resistance. A successful transition requires a phased strategy that prioritizes targeted pilots in high-risk sectors while harmonizing national legislation with international frameworks. By investing in digital infrastructure and comprehensive training, Ukraine can position blockchain as the cornerstone of a resilient, corruption-resistant public finance system.