Проблеми та перспективи розвитку банківської системи в умовах сьогодення

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто етапи становлення банківської системи України, визначено основні проблеми розвитку банківського сектора. Зазначено, що формування банківської системи України можна умовно розподілити на декілька етапів, кожний з яких характеризується специфічними відношеннями між установами, які забезпечують можливість функціонування банківської системи, і організаціями – регуляторами цього ринку. За підсумками аналізу розвитку банківської системи України встановлено, що кількість банків за п’ять останніх років поступово зменшується, але зростає частка банків з іноземним капіталом. Дана оцінка діяльності банків за період 2017–2022 років. Встановлено, що збереження операційної ефективності дозволило банківському сектору адаптуватися до кризових умов і отримати прибуток в умовах воєнного стану. Досліджено процеси, які пов'язані з стабілізацією банківського сектору в умовах повномасштабної війни. Розглянуто перспективи стабілізації та розвитку банківської системи України.

EN: In the article, the formation stages of the Ukrainian banking system are examined and the main problems of the banking sector development are identified. It is stated that the formation of the Ukrainian banking system can be conventionally divided into several stages, each characterized by specific relations between institutions, that ensure the functioning of the banking system, and organizations that regulate this market. The main problems for the nowadays banking system conditions are summarized, including incomes decrease relative to costs; increase in the share of non-performing loans; dependence on the refinancing of the NBU, which is already expensive for some banks; partial stuff losses either due to migration or due to mobilization; mass abroad migration, which negatively affects economic activity and quantity of operations in Ukraine. According to the results of the analysis of the Ukrainian banking system development, it is established that the number of banks has been gradually decreasing for the past five years, but the share of banks with foreign capital is increasing. It is assessed that the banks’ activity for the period 2017–2022. It is established that the preservation of operational efficiency allowed the banking sector to adapt to crisis conditions and make a profit under the state of war conditions. The liquidity of the system was growing due to the further inflow of clients' funds. First, since the beginning of the full-scale war, hryvnia time deposits began to increase. The net loan portfolio generally decreased, only in state banks the volume of corporate loans increased because of the state support programs. Predictably the share of non-performing loans increased. The processes related to the stabilization of the banking sector in the conditions of a full-scale war have been studied. However, despite the work facility stabilization, there are still many risks and problems that are difficult for banks to cope with in the conditions of the full-scale war, so actions to ensure balance in the money market should be comprehensive and systemic. The perspective of stabilization and development of the Ukrainian banking system is considered. The necessity to continue taking measures to stabilize and maintain the financial stability of the Ukrainian banking sector as a component of the state's financial system is substantiated.