Теоретико-методологічні основи забезпечення інвайронментальної безпеки промислових підприємств залізничного транспорту

Abstract

UA : Дисертація присвячена розробленню теоретико-методологічного підґрунтя та методичних підходів і практичних рекомендацій щодо забезпечення інвайронментальної безпеки промислових підприємств залізничного транспорту. Запропоновано організаційно-економічну модель функціонування державноприватного партнерства у сфері забезпечення інвайронментальної безпеки, систему критеріальної оцінки соціальної безпеки у рамках інвайронментальної безпеки, визначення поняття «інвайронментальна безпека підприємства» як поєднання економічної, екологічної та соціальної складових, процес побудови системи індикаторів інвайронментальної безпеки промислового підприємства, визначення рівня інвайронментальної безпеки підприємства за допомогою інтегрального показника, який розраховано за середньо геометричною величиною від інтегральних показників комплексної оцінки її економічної, екологічної та соціальної складових, визначення реалізації інвайронментальної безпеки підприємства. Розроблено механізм забезпечення інвайронментальної безпеки держави, науково-методичний інвайронментальний підхід щодо раціонального використання природних ресурсів держави, концептуальна схема управління соціально-еколого-економічними процесами промислових підприємств у стратегічній перспективі, принципи раціонального природокористування в рамках інвайронментальної безпеки. Побудовано систему взаємозв’язку завдань і пріоритетів інвайронментальної безпеки, систему управління інвайронментальною безпекою промислових підприємств, організаційно-економічний механізм державного рівня у рамках державно-приватного партнерства забезпечення інвайронментальної безпеки. Введено в науковий обіг поняття «інвайронментальна безпека. EN : The thesis is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological basis and methodological approaches and practical recommendations to ensure the safety of industrial enterprises of railway transport. Organizational-economic model of functioning of public-private partnership in the sphere of ensuring security environmental is a feedback system, which consists of economic, ecological and social subsystems and implements through a mechanism for interaction with state authorities and market institutions (banking institutions, insurance and consulting engineering companies) measures to improve the level of environmental security industry, and also contributes to the spread of advanced achievements of scientific and technological progress and resource-saving technologies, the introduction in the production process of enterprises of rational technologies of their organization and leading samples of technical means, training of personnel of enterprises, the introduction of environmentally safe production technologies. The mechanism of ensuring the state's environmental security is developed, which is based on the environmental instruments and methods of state regulation, contains elements, methods, requirements and functions of ensuring the environmental security. It is a system of organizational, economic and legal measures to prevent socio-ecological and economic threats, which allows to optimize the process of ensuring environmental security and is the basis for achieving social, economic and environmental goals of sustainable development of the state. Introduced into scientific circulation the concept of "environmentally security" that is proposed to be defined as a condition of protection of the economy and the environment, which will contribute to the conservation and sustainability internal and external threats through the use of a mechanism to ensure environmental security as well as solving problems of balanced development of economy and improvement of the environment, which will allow you to choose priority directions of national concepts of social, ecological and economic sustainable development of the state. Built a management system environmentally security of industrial enterprises, which is a set of interacting processes, based on scientific principles the process approach and take into account a constant effective interaction of enterprises, market institutions, scientific organizations, municipal and state authorities in the framework of the concept of sustainable development of the state, occur in the internal environment of the enterprise and ensure the realization of the set of social, ecological and economic objectives with consideration of environmental factors. This will determine the methodological basis and develop priority approaches to providing employees with effective means of supporting environmental safety, as well as contribute to the timely development and implementation of corrective tools and methods to prevent the manifestation of negative consequences of sustainable development of the state and the enterprise. On the basis of research performance environmental safety factors and criteria for determining it, built a system of relationship between tasks and priorities environmental security, including an assessment and comparison of costs and benefits in the field of environmental protection in the framework of a unified system of environmental monitoring. This will allow to direct the strategy of environmental security to sustainable development, preservation of the quality of life, promotion of environmental safety, health and demographic conditions, as well as deepening cooperation with the world community in solving environmental problems. The definition of the concept of "environmental safety of the enterprise" as a combination of economic, environmental and social components is proposed. The principal difference of the author's approach is the consideration of the social component, which consists of food, demographic, humanitarian, biological and political security. This will make it possible to determine the priorities of the state policy in the field of ensuring environmental security. A system of criteria-based assessment of social security within the framework of institutional security has been developed, in which social relations, social structure, social conflicts and desocialization of society are used as initial assessments, which are alternately met by indicators such as the unemployment rate, the decile coefficient, the minimum wage and the human development index. This will form a comprehensive indicator of social security, which, in turn, will be a component of the overall indicator of environmental security together with a comprehensive indicator of economic security and a comprehensive indicator of environmental security. The process of construction of the system of indicators of the industrial enterprise is developed, which is a process of successive stages of determining the purpose and objectives of diagnostics of the state of the industrial enterprise, selection and processing of the necessary information and, directly, the formation of the system of indicators of the industrial enterprise. The result of the author's approach is to determine the level of environmental safety of an industrial enterprise as an integral indicator, built on the basis of a set of socio-economic, technical and technological, scientific and innovative, managerial and organizational indicators with mandatory consideration of criteria related to the external and internal environment of the enterprise. The proposed definition of level environmental security company with the help of the integral index, which is calculated at the average geometric value of the integral indicators of complex evaluation of its economic, environmental and social components and take into account the level of importance of each indicator of the respective system. This will determine the current state of the enterprise's environmental security. Developed a scientific and methodical approach environmentally for the rational use of natural resources of the state, which is based on a long-term study of the process of reproduction of natural resources of Ukraine, consists of five interrelated stages and will allow you to develop the priority directions of environmental activity of the state, minimize the cost and increase the level of its innovative development that will provide the state of the economy and the environment, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the state and harmonizes economic, ecological and social spheres of his business. The organizational and economic mechanism of the state level within the framework of public-private partnership of ensuring environmental safety, which is a system of longterm mutually beneficial cooperation of subjects of interaction (enterprises, market institutions, state institutions) in order to ensure environmental safety, as well as training of highly qualified personnel, exchange of advanced technologies, distribution of leading samples of equipment and resource-saving technologies, this will ensure the active economic development of industrial enterprises and improve the functionality and quality of partnership. The principles of rational nature management, which in the framework of environmental safety include: ensuring public interest in natural resources, ensuring the reproduction of natural resources and environmental management. Allocation of these principles will allow to develop directions of optimum use of natural resources for satisfaction of production needs and maintenance of reproduction of the natural capital. The definition of the implementation of internal security of the enterprise is considered as a process of complex radical transformation of organizational, structural, financial, economic, production, technical, information, management components and property relations of economic entities, which will ensure the viability and development of the enterprise. A conceptual scheme of management of socio-ecological and economic processes of industrial enterprises in a strategic perspective, which provides for the development of an active or passive innovative strategy, balanced between the economic goals of the enterprise and the negative consequences of its impact on the environment and society, depending on the socio-ecological and economic goals. This will optimize the socioecological and economic policy of the enterprise. RU : Диссертация посвящена разработке теоретико-методологической основы и методических подходов и практических рекомендаций по обеспечению инвайронментальной безопасности промышленных предприятий железнодорожного транспорта. Предложена организационно-экономическая модель функционирования государственно-частного партнерства в сфере обеспечения инвайронментальной безопасности, система критериальной оценки социальной безопасности в рамках инвайронментальной безопасности, определение понятия «инвайронментальная безопасность предприятия» как сочетание экономической, экологической и социальной составляющей, процесс построения системы индикаторов инвайронментальной безопасности промышленного предприятия, определение уровня инвайронментальной безопасности предприятия с помощью интегрального показателя, который рассчитан по средне геометрической величине от интегральных показателей комплексной оценки ее экономической, экологической и социальной составляющих, определения реализации инвайронментальной безопасности предприятия. Разработан механизм обеспечения инвайронментальной безопасности государства, научно-методический инвайронментальный подход к рациональному использованию природных ресурсов государства, концептуальная схема управления социально-эколого-экономическими процессами промышленных предприятий в стратегической перспективе, принципы рационального природопользования в рамках инвайронментальной безопасности. Построена система взаимосвязи задач и приоритетов инвайронментальной безопасности, система управления инвайронментальной безопасностью промышленных предприятий, организационноэкономический механизм государственного уровня в рамках государственночастного партнерства обеспечения инвайронментальной безопасности. Введено в научный оборот понятие «инвайронментальная безопасность».