Теоретико-методологічні основи формування системи антикризового управління пасажирським комплексом залізничного транспорту

Abstract

UA: Дисертація присвячена розробленню теоретико-методологічних засад, методичних підходів і практичних рекомендацій щодо формування системи антикризового управління пасажирським комплексом залізничного транспорту. Визначено фактори, тенденції і закономірності розвитку пасажирських перевезень залізничним транспортом у сучасних умовах господарювання, з’ясовано стан пасажирських перевезень вітчизняного залізничного транспорту й удосконалено теоретико-методичні положення щодо виявлення проявів криз, доповнено понятійно-категоріальний апарат теорії криз поняттям «індиферентне середовище функціонування організації». Сформовано парадигму, концептуальні основи і стратегію антикризового управління пасажирським комплексом залізничного транспорту на системно- синергетичних засадах. Удосконалено систему антикризового управління пасажирським комплексом залізничного транспорту за рахунок формування антикризового відділу, механізму впровадження онбордінгу і технології організації ощадливого виробництва. Розроблено сервісно-адаптивний підхід до розвитку діяльності пасажирського комплексу залізничного транспорту, сформовано модель перцептивного управління і методичний підхід до оцінювання ефективності реалізації проєктів у сфері розвитку послуг залізничного туризму. Надано пропозиції щодо модернізації інфраструктури пасажирського комплексу за рахунок розбудови цифрової платформи управління, удосконалення інституціонального забезпечення розвитку мультимодальних пасажирських перевезень залізничним транспортом і механізму інвестиційного забезпечення модернізаційних проєктів.

EN: This thesis is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological bases, methodical approaches and practical recommendations concerning formation of system of anti-crisis management of a passenger railway transport sector in conditions of increasing crisis manifestations of indifference of its functioning environment. The factors of development of passenger railway transportations are analyzed in this thesis in the context of the synergetic paradigm, which are systematized in groups of exogenous and endogenous nature, and regularities and tendencies of development of passenger railway transportations are found out. Approaches to defining the essence of the “crisis” concept are revealed, the types of crises are systematized and their classification is improved. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of crisis theory has been supplemented by introducing the concept of “indifferent environment of the organization’s functioning”, determining the stages of its formation and disclosing their content for the passenger sector of the domestic railway industry. In the context of identifying the manifestations of crises in the passenger railway transport sector, the cycles of development of the domestic passenger sector of the railway industry for the period of 1920-2020 are identified and an approach to crisis diagnostics by components of economic potential is developed. The essence and approaches to the differentiation of crisis management types have been studied, which has allowed expanding the existing classification of the last one. The principles and functional properties of crisis management are revealed. Given the systemic crisis of the railway passenger transport, a paradigm of anti-crisis management of the passenger railway transport sector, based on the identification of system-synergetic benefits generated by the activation of tools of innovative lability and self-organization of society by ensuring its organizational development, optimization of activities and modernization of infrastructure has been formed. The concept of formation of the system of anti-crisis management of the passenger railway transport sector is developed, which takes into account the strategic directions of ensuring the growth of public value of the passenger transport sector and establishes relationships between key subsystems to support their implementation. Based on the disclosure of the content and types of anti-crisis strategies, the typification of the last one has been expanded and the procedure for developing and identifying strategic alternatives in accordance with the social values created as a result of their implementation has been established. In order to create organizational conditions to ensure sustainable development of the passenger railway transport sector, proposals for the formation of the anti-crisis department and revealed the purpose, functions, types of management actions of the last one, depending on the level of anti-crisis management (strategic, tactical, operational), determined the results of its functioning. To overcome the personnel crisis, a mechanism for introducing onboarding into the personnel management system of the passenger railway transport sector has been developed, which reveals the implementation process, components, focus areas and results of using onboarding to increase staff competence and loyalty in terms of reforming and digital transformation of railway transport. The operational crisis has prompted the search for ways to improve the efficiency of production capacity. The technology of organization of lean production in the activity of the passenger railway transport sector is formed, which reveals the procedure of introduction of open innovations in the system of production potential management, which will ensure timely adjustment of plans and tools of lean production. A service-adaptive approach to the development of passenger transport complex has been developed, within which the criteria for adapting services to the new models of mobility and consumer behavior are identified and priority areas and tools for optimizing the activities and diversification of passenger transport service sector are revealed. A system of perceptual management of the development of railway tourism services of the passenger railway transport sector, formed by presenting the life cycle of perception and disclosure of tools to achieve coherent susceptibility of railway tourism services of the passenger railway transport sector. In order to identify shortcomings in the management system of the experience of consumers of railway tourism services and identify promising areas, it has been developed a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of projects for the development of railway tourism services of the passenger railway transport sector. The process of managing the modernization of the infrastructure of the passenger transportation by railway in the context of the crisis, which is based on the principles of proactivity and social value and provides for the formation of a digital platform, has been improved. For the development of multimodal passenger transport by railway, the feasibility of forming a system of railway passenger hubs in Ukraine is substantiated and the model of institutional support is developed, which reveals the stages and institutions of their formation and development, support and incentives to create conditions for integrated transport of passengers. The mechanism of investment support of projects of modernization of infrastructure of the passenger railway transport sector of Ukraine is improved.