Аналіз факторів несхоронності вантажів при перевезенні залізничним транспортом України

Abstract

UA: Досліджено стан несхоронних перевезень на залізничному транспорті України, проаналізовано фактори, що впливають на несхоронність вантажу, виконано їх класифікацію за ступенем керованості з боку перевізника. Наведено структурно-логічну схему факторів, що впливають на збереження вантажу при перевезенні залізничним транспортом, сформульовано цільову функцію мінімізації несхоронності вантажу в ланцюзі поставки в частині перевезення залізничним транспортом України з урахуванням реалій перевізного процесу та перспектив реструктуризації галузі. EN: The state of unsaved transportation on Ukrainian rail transport hasbeen observed in the article. It is shown that a rather highprobability of damage, theft of goods during transportation negativelyaffects the competitiveness of the freight carrier by the Ukrainianrailways. Describing the causes of unsaved cargo allows identifying the mainessential factors of transportation process. This approach willoptimize the technological process of organizing transportation on thecriterion of cargo security. The unsaved cargo factors and their classification according to thedegree of controllability on the part of the carrier and direction(transportability, organizational-technological, naturalclimatic andsocio-political) are analyzed. A structural and logical scheme of the factors affecting the unsaved goodsduring transportation by Ukrainian railways of iselaborated. The scheme details the factors of transportability,organizational, technological, natural-climatic and socio-political tofurther take into account the risks of cargo insecurity duringtransportation. The system of products delivery should be organized in such a way thatthe total losses of cargo during the delivery to the final consumersought to the minimum level. A objective function is formulated takinginto account the requirements of all participants in the supply chain. The component of unsaved cargo during transportation by rail isconsidered in more detail. It takes into account the transport processrealities and prospects of restructuring Ukrainian railways(allocation of railway infrastructure operator, traction operators andwagon operators), subject to the respective restrictions on eachstructure. The interpretation of the components of cargo insecurity inrelation to the operators of each structure is given. Procedures are considered in relation to the unsaved factors by themain railway transport that allow offsetting their influence.