Раціональні конструктивні рішення світлопрозорих огороджувальних конструкцій у системі інженерного захисту об’єктів критичної інфраструктури від вибухових навантажень

Abstract

UA: У статті узагальнено результати натурних полігонних випробувань одинадцяти зразків віконних конструкцій за ДСТУ EN 13123-2 / ДСТУ EN 13124-2. Віконний блок з армованим ПВХ-профіль забезпечує клас EXR1; для EXR2 потрібен алюмінієвий профіль або ПВХ з алюмінієвою накладкою. На цій основі сформульовано раціональні конструктивні рішення обох класів, запропоновано алгоритм призначення класу за сценарієм загрози та планувальними обмеженнями і визначено місце світлопрозорих конструкцій у системі інженерного захисту об’єктів критичної інфраструктури.

EN: Engineering protection of critical infrastructure objects traditionally focuses on perimeter measures — fortification structures, protective screens, underground placement of equipment. Windows, however, remain an element that can be neither screened nor removed, and it is the glazed envelope structures that fail first, with glass fragment scatter causing most injuries indoors. The paper proposes to treat this vulnerable element as a separate level of the engineering protection system — with its own resistance classes, field-proven structural solutions and a rule for their assignment. The basis is a full-scale arena test programme carried out in four series during 2022–2024: eleven window specimens of 1780×1460 mm, differing in glazing, profile, hardware and installation joint, were tested to DSTU EN 13123-2 / DSTU EN 13124-2 with a 3 kg TNT charge; part of the tests were instrumented with DYTRAN 2300V5 piezoelectric pressure sensors, and for the rest the parameters were calculated with the Kingery–Bulmash model. It turned out that a steelreinforced PVC profile with burglar-resistant hardware reliably provides class EXR1 (NS), whereas at the EXR2 level PVC systems fail in the corner joint zone. Class EXR2 (NS) is achievable in two ways: with an aluminium profile (confirmed at pressures up to 576 kPa) or with a PVC profile fitted with an external aluminium cover. The established failure sequence — glazing, locking hardware, corner joints or mullion connection, anchor fastenings — showed that the class is provided by the system as a whole: the failure of a single joint cancels the class even with a resistant profile. Among glazing types, only P4A laminated glass behaved predictably. Based on the results, rational structural solutions for classes EXR1 and EXR2 were formulated, an algorithm for class assignment according to the threat scenario and the minimum achievable stand-off distance was built, and the place of glazed structures in the engineering protection system of critical infrastructure objects was defined. The operability of the EXR2 solutions has been confirmed by service on a real object under shockwave loading.