Кінематика руху колісної пари після сходу з рейок

Abstract

UA: Для створення алгоритму визначення сходу вагона з рейок розроблена кінематична модель руху колісної пари по шпалах. Для цього на першому етапі створення моделі було визначено траєкторію руху колісної пари після її сходу з рейок, визначено миттєві центри швидкостей осі колеса. Кінематичний аналіз такого руху колеса показав, що амплітуда і частота коливань колісної пари при її русі після сходу з рейок залежать від діаметра колеса, ширини шпал, а також від відстані між шпалами. Надалі це дозволить створити надійний алгоритм розпізнавання сходу колісних пар для побудови апаратного і програмного забезпечення технічної системи виявлення сходів вагонів. EN: The work is devoted to a deep study of the kinematics of a wheeled pair at the derailment of a railroad car. Attention to this subject is increased, since the damage caused by the descent of passenger and freight trains is sufficiently great. Currently available technical means do not allow timely identification of the car wagon, and the data presented in the literature, sufficiently, do not allow to create the necessary equipment for its detection. In order to solve this problem, the work of studying the movement of the wheeled car after the derailment. A trajectory and a kinematic model of the motion of a wheel along a tie lattice are constructed. The wheel pair after its descent from the rail moves, as a rule, along the sleeper grille. Accordingly, its trajectory of motion depends on the upper structure of the path in this section. In this case, the wheels continue to move along the axis of the path. In this paper, for the initial simplification, only the movement of the wheel in a plane parallel to the vertical plane of the track axis is considered. Also, the inelastic deformation of sleepers at low speeds is not taken into account. The kinematics of the movement of the wheel along the sleepers, that is, after the derailment, has been analyzed. Analytic dependencies of the connection between the movement of the wheel and the parameters of the upper structure of the path are made. It is shown that the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of a wheel pair at its descent depend on the diameter of the wheel, the width of the horizontal surface of the sleeper and the distance between the axes of the sleepers. Instantaneous centers of wheel velocities at characteristic points are determined. The developed kinematic model determines the main diagnostic signs of the derailment of wagons from the rail. This will make it possible to create a reliable descent recognition algorithm for constructing the hardware and software of the technical control system for car wagons from the rail. This model allows us to use it later to create the sensors of the descent.